| Station Name, Country | Location in Antarctica | Size (Number of People) | Built | Summary |
| San Martín Base, Argentina | Barry Island | 60 in summer, 20 in winter | 1951 | Argentina’s first permanent station, supporting research in meteorology, geology, and marine biology. |
| Belgrano II Base, Argentina | Coats Land | 25 in summer, 15 in winter | 1979 | Focuses on glaciology, seismology, and meteorology, one of the southernmost stations in Antarctica. |
| Almirante Brown Station, Argentina | Paradise Harbor | 36 in summer, 18 in winter | 1951 | Focuses on marine biology, meteorology, and environmental science, located in a scenic bay area. |
| Marambio Station, Argentina | Seymour Island | 150 in summer, 55 in winter | 1969 | Focuses on atmospheric science, glaciology, and geology, features an airstrip for logistical support. |
| Palmer Station, USA | Anvers Island | 44 in summer, 20 in winter | 1968 | Focuses on marine biology and ecosystems research, with access to the rich marine environment of the Antarctic Peninsula. |
| Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, USA | South Pole | 150 in summer, 50 in winter | 1956 | Situated at the geographic South Pole, supports diverse research including astrophysics and atmospheric studies. Operates year-round despite extreme conditions. |
| McMurdo Station, USA | Ross Island | 1,258 in summer, 250 in winter | 1955 | Largest Antarctic station, serves as a logistics hub for US Antarctic operations, supporting fields such as geology, biology, and climate science. |
| Casey Station, Australia | Bailey Peninsula | 150 in summer, 20 in winter | 1969 | Conducts research on glaciology, meteorology, and marine biology, with an intercontinental airstrip for support. |
| Davis Station, Australia | Vestfold Hills | 120 in summer, 20 in winter | 1957 | Known for research in atmospheric science, biology, and geosciences. Continuously occupied since establishment. |
| Mawson Station, Australia | Mac Robertson Land | 60 in summer, 20 in winter | 1954 | Australia’s oldest Antarctic station, conducting research in various fields including magnetospherics and ionospherics. |
| Comandante Ferraz Station, Brazil | King George Island | 64 in summer, 20 in winter | 1984 (rebuilt in 2020) | Focuses on oceanography, marine biology, and meteorology. Rebuilt after a fire in 2012. |
| Princess Elisabeth Antarctica, Belgium | Sør Rondane Mountains | 16 in summer, 0 in winter | 2009 | Zero-emissions facility conducting research in glaciology, climate science, and microbiology, operational during summer. |
| Great Wall Station, China | King George Island | 80 in summer, 40 in winter | 1985 | China’s first Antarctic base, focuses on marine biology, meteorology, and glaciology. |
| Zhongshan Station, China | Larsemann Hills | 60 in summer, 25 in winter | 1989 | Supports research in glaciology, atmospheric sciences, and environmental monitoring, a key logistical hub for China. |
| Escudero Station, Chile | King George Island | 60 in summer, 18 in winter | 1995 | Focuses on climate studies and glaciology, operating year-round as part of Chile’s Antarctic presence. |
| General Bernardo O’Higgins Riquelme Base, Chile | Trinity Peninsula | 45 in summer, 16 in winter | 1948 | One of the oldest Antarctic stations, conducting research in geophysics, glaciology, and meteorology. |
| González Videla Station, Chile | Paradise Harbor | 36 in summer, 18 in winter | 1951 | Conducts research in marine biology, meteorology, and environmental science, a key Chilean station. |
| Artigas Base, Uruguay | King George Island | 60 in summer, 10 in winter | 1984 | Supports research in geology, meteorology, and environmental science, promoting international scientific cooperation. |
| Concordia Station, France/Italy | Dome C | 15 in summer, 13 in winter | 2005 | French-Italian station at high-altitude, supporting research in astronomy, glaciology, and human biology. Extreme location suitable for Mars mission simulations. |
| Dumont d’Urville Station, France | Île des Pétrels | 120 in summer, 30 in winter | 1956 | Focuses on marine biology, meteorology, and glaciology, named after early French Antarctic explorer. |
| Neumayer-Station III, Germany | Ekström Ice Shelf | 50 in summer, 10 in winter | 2009 | Modern facility conducting research in atmospheric science, geophysics, and biology, built on hydraulic stilts to cope with shifting ice. |
| Bharati Station, India | Larsemann Hills | 47 in summer, 25 in winter | 2012 | One of India’s primary research bases, focusing on oceanography, climate studies, and atmospheric sciences. |
| Maitri Station, India | Schirmacher Oasis | 65 in summer, 25 in winter | 1989 | India’s first permanent research station, supporting studies in geology, meteorology, and biology. |
| King Sejong Station, South Korea | King George Island | 90 in summer, 17 in winter | 1988 | Focuses on marine biology, geophysics, and environmental science, Korea’s main Antarctic research base. |
| Halley VI Research Station, UK | Brunt Ice Shelf | 70 in summer, 16 in winter | 2012 | Known for research on atmospheric sciences and space weather, built on hydraulic stilts to accommodate shifting ice. |
| Rothera Research Station, UK | Adelaide Island | 100 in summer, 22 in winter | 1975 | Primary logistics center for British Antarctic Survey, supports marine biology, glaciology, and climate science. |
| Mirny Station, Russia | Queen Mary Land | 169 in summer, 50 in winter | 1956 | One of the oldest stations, focusing on meteorology, glaciology, and magnetospherics, supporting extensive Russian Antarctic research. |
| Vostok Station, Russia | Princess Elizabeth Land | 25 in summer, 13 in winter | 1957 | Located near the South Geomagnetic Pole, known for its extreme conditions and research on the subglacial Lake Vostok. |
| Bellingshausen Station, Russia | King George Island | 38 in summer, 25 in winter | 1968 | Supports research in geophysics, biology, and climate studies, one of Russia’s key Antarctic bases. |
| Novolazarevskaya Station, Russia | Queen Maud Land | 70 in summer, 40 in winter | 1961 | Focuses on glaciology, meteorology, and ionospheric studies, part of Russia’s year-round research presence in Antarctica. |
| Progress Station, Russia | Larsemann Hills | 30 in summer, 15 in winter | 1988 | Supports atmospheric sciences, geophysics, and environmental monitoring, located in a region with favorable research conditions. |
| Showa Station, Japan | Queen Maud Land | 110 in summer, 30 in winter | 1957 | Japan’s primary Antarctic base, supporting research in meteorology, glaciology, and biology. |
| Syowa Station, Japan | Ongul Islands | 110 in summer, 30 in winter | 1957 | Conducts studies in meteorology, geology, and auroral observations, a key Japanese research site. |
| Gabriel de Castilla Station, Spain | Deception Island | 30 in summer, 0 in winter | 1989 | Conducts studies in volcanology, biology, and climate research, located on an active volcanic island. |
| Juan Carlos I Station, Spain | Livingston Island | 30 in summer, 0 in winter | 1988 | Supports research in marine biology, glaciology, and atmospheric sciences, operational during summer. |
| Sofia University, Bulgaria | Livingston Island | 30 in summer, 0 in winter | 1988 | Conducts research in marine biology, glaciology, and climate science, operational during summer. |
| Druzhnaya IV Station, Russia | Queen Maud Land | 25 in summer, 13 in winter | 1987 | Supports atmospheric science, geophysics, and environmental monitoring, located in a region with favorable research conditions. |
